DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2022-26-140-182

EDN:

https://elibrary.ru/QTUNWS

УДК / UDK: 821.161.1.0
Issue:

2022 №26

Author: Оlga S. Muravyova
About the author:

Olga S. Muravyova — PhD in Philology, Senior Researcher, Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb. 4, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract:

The article is devoted to a brief history of a high literary salon in the first half of the 19th century. The article traces the reasons explaining its bright heyday and rapid decline. The salon is considered as a dual phenomenon, belonging simultaneously to literature and everyday life. Therefore, the article focuses on both the literary processes associated with salon culture and the customs and behavioral norms of the world. The fate of the literary salon seems to be a private, but very revealing plot in the history of the development of Russian society.

Keywords: literary genres, everyday behavior, “golden age,” salon culture, memoirs.
For citation:

Muravyova, O.S. “The Rise and Fall of High Literary Salons in the ‘Golden Age’.” Literaturnyi fakt, no. 4 (26), 2022, pp. 140–182. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2022-26-140-182

References:
  1. Akimova, T.I. Rol' literaturnogo tvorchestva Ekateriny II v stanovlenii dvorianskogo samosoznaniia kontsa XVIII – kontsa XIX veka [The Role of the Literary Work of Catherine II in the Formation of the Nobility’s Self-awareness in the Late 18th and Late 19th Centuries]. Saransk, National Research Mordovia State University Publ., 2013. 275 p. (In Russ.)
  2. Annenkov, P.V. S. Pushkin v Aleksandrovskuiu epokhu [ Pushkin in the Alexander Era], comp. A.I. Garusov. Minsk, Limarius Publ., 1998, 360 p. (In Russ.)
  3. Annenkov, P.V. Materialy dlia biografii A.S. Pushkina [Materials for the Biography of Pushkin], gen. ed. and introd. article by G.M. Fridlender, text prep. and comm. by A.A. Karpov. Moscow, Sovremennik Publ., 1984. 476 p. (In Russ.)
  4. Aronson, M.I. Kruzhki i salony [Circles and Salons]. Aronson, M. Literaturnye kruzhki i salony [Literature Circles and Salons]. Moscow, Agraf Publ., 2001, pp. 20–24. (In Russ.)
  5. [Bartenev, P.] “Avdot’ia Petrovna Elagina” [“Avdotya Petrovna Elagina”]. Russkii Arkhiv [Russian Archive], book 2. Moscow, Tipografiia Lebedeva Publ., 1877. 538 p. (In Russ.)
  6. Bunturi, V. K priiutu tikhomu besedy prosveshchennoi. Literaturnyi salon v kul’ture Peterburga [To the Quiet Shelter of Enlightened Conversation. Literary Salon in the Culture of St. Petersburg]. St. Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin Publ., 2013. 240 p. (In Russ.)
  7. Vatsuro, V.E. “Literaturnye al’bomy v sobranii Pushkinskogo Doma (1750–1840-e gody)” [“Literary Albums in the Collection of the Pushkin House (1750–1840s)”]. Ezhegodnik Rukopisnogo otdela Pushkinskogo Doma na 1977 god [Yearbook of the Manuscript Department of the Pushkin House for 1977]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1979, pp. 3–56. (In Russ.)
  8. Vatsuro, V.E. D.P. Iz istorii literaturnogo byta pushkinskoi pory [ S.D.P. From the History of the Literary Life of the Pushkin Era]. Moscow, Kniga Publ., 1989, 408 p. (In Russ.)
  9. Veresaev, V.V. Pushkin v zhizni [Pushkin in the Life]. Moscow, Moskovskii rabochii Publ., 1984. 700 p. (In Russ.)
  10. Vigel’, F.F. Zapiski [Notes], vol. 1. Moscow, Artel’ pisatelei Krug Publ., 1928. 377 p. (In Russ.)
  11. Viazemskii, P.A. “Iz stat’i ‘Vzgliad na literaturu nashu v desiatiletie posle smerti Pushkina’.” [“From the Article ‘A Look at Our Literature in the Decade After Pushkin’s Death’.”]. Pushkin v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov: v 2 t. [ Pushkin in Memoirs of Contemporaries: in 2 vols.], vol. 1, introd. article by V. Vatsuro, M. Gillel’son, R. Iezuitova, Ia. Moscow, Khudozhestvennaia Literatura Publ., 1985, pp. 135–138. (In Russ.)
  12. Viazemskii, P.A. “Staraia zapisnaia knizhka” [“The Old Notebook”]. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii kniazia P.A. Viazemskogo: v 12 t. [ Complete Works of Prince P.A. Vyazemsky: in 12 vols.], vol. 8. Petersburg, Izdanie grafa Sheremeteva Publ., 1883. 524 p. (In Russ.)
  13. Viazemskii, P.A. Stikhotvoreniia [Poems]. Leningrad, Sovetskii pisatel’ Publ., 1986. 555 p. (In Russ.)
  14. Gertsen, A.I. Sobranie sochinenii: v 30 t. [ Collected Works: in 30 vols.], vol. 9. Moscow, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union Publ., 1956. 369 p. (In Russ.)
  15. Gogol’, N.V. “V chem zhe, nakonets, sushchestvo russkoi poezii i v chem ee osobennost’” [“What, Finally, is the Essence of Russian Poetry and What is Its Peculiarity”]. Gogol’, N.V. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii: v 14 t. [Complete Works: in 14 vols.], vol. 8: Stat’I [Articles]. Moscow, Leningrad, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union Publ., 1952, pp. 369–409. (In Russ.)
  16. Golovina, V.N. “Memuary” [“Memoirs”]. Istoriia zhizni blagorodnoi zhenshchiny [Life Story of a Noble Woman]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 1996, pp. 89–332. (In Russ.)
  17. Dmitrieva, N.L. “Ponomarevoi salon” [“Ponomariova’s Salon”]. Byt pushkinskogo Peterburga. Opyt entsiklopedicheskogo slovaria [ Domestic Life of Pushkin’s St. Petersburg. Trial of Encyclopedic Dictionary], vol. 2. St. Petersburg, Ivan Limbakh Publ., 2003, pp. 189–191. (In Russ.)
  18. De Stal’, Zh. “O Germanii” [“About Germany”]. Lotman, Iu.M. Sotvorenie Karamzina [The Creation of Karamzin]. Moscow, Molodaia Gvardiia Publ., 1998. 382 p. (In Russ.)
  19. Kavelin, K.D. “Avdot’ia Petrovna Elagina” [“Аvdotya Petrovna Elagina”]. Kavelin, K.D. Nash umstvennyi stroi: Stat’i po filosofii russkoi istorii i kul’tury [Our Mental Structure: Articles on the Philosophy of Russian History and Culture]. Moscow, Pravda Publ., 1989, pp. 320–335. (In Russ.)
  20. Kamenskaia, M. Vospominaniia [Memories]. Moscow, Khudozhestvennaia literatura Publ., 1991. 386 p. (In Russ.)
  21. Kantorovich, I. “Salon Avdot’i Petrovny Elaginoi” [“Salon of Avdotya Petrovna Yelagina”]. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, no. 2/30, 1998, pp. 165–209. (In Russ.)
  22. Larionova, E.O. “‘Uslyshish’ sud gluptsa…’ (Zhurnal’nye otnosheniia Pushkina v 1828–1830 gg.”) [“‘Hear the Judgment of a Fool...’ (Pushkin’s Journalistic Relations in 1828–1830)”]. Pushkin v prizhiznennoi kritike. 1828–1830 [Pushkin in Lifetime Criticism. 1828–1830]. St. Petersburg, Pushkinskii gosudarstvennyi teatral’nyi tsentr v Sankt-Peterburge Publ., 2001, pp. 5–25. (In Russ.)
  23. Lotman, Iu.M. “‘Ezda v ostrov liubvi’ Trediakovskogo i funktsiia perevodnoi literatury v russkoi kul’ture pervoi poloviny XVIII – nachala XIX v.” [“Trediakovsky’s ‘Ride to the Island of Love’ and the Function of Translated Literature in Russian Culture of the First Half of the 18th – Beginning of the 19th Century”]. Problemy izucheniia kul’turnogo naslediia [Problems of Studying Cultural Heritage]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1985, pp. 222–230. (In Russ.)
  24. Lotman, Iu.M. “Iskusstvo zhizni” [“The Art of Life”]. Lotman, Iu.M. Besedy o russkoi kul’ture. Byt i traditsii russkogo dvorianstva (XIII – nachalo XIX veka) [ Conversations on Russian Culture. Genesis and Traditions of the Russian Nobility (18th – Early 19th Centuries)]. Petersburg, Iskusstvo-SPb Publ., 1994, pp. 180–209. (In Russ.)
  25. Lotman, Iu.M. “K funktsii ustnoi rechi v kul’turnom bytu pushkinskoi epokhi” [“To the Function of the Speech in the Cultural Life of Pushkin’s Era”]. Lotman, Iu.M. Izbrannye stat’i: v 3 t. [Selected Articles: in 3 vols.], vol. 3. Tallin, Aleksandra Publ., 1993, pp. 430–438. (In Russ.)
  26. Lotman, Iu.M. Sotvorenie Karamzina [ The Creation of Karamzin]. Moscow, Molodaia Gvardiia Publ., 1998. 382 p. (In Russ.)
  27. Marten-Fiuzh’e, A. Elegantnaia zhizn‘ ili kak voznik ves‘ Parizh.“ 1815–1848 [Elegant Life or How “All Paris” Appeared. 1815–1848]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo imeni Sabashnikovykh Publ., 1998. 480 p. (In Russ.)
  28. Murav’eva, I.A. Salony pushkinskoi pory: ocherki literaturnoi i svetskoi zhizni Sankt- Peterburga [Salons of Pushkin’s Time: Essays on the Literary and High Life of St. Petersburg]. St. Petersburg, Kriga Publ., 2008. 543 p. (In Russ.)
  29. Murav’eva, O.S. “Razvlecheniia svetskie” [“High Amusements”]. Byt pushkinskogo Peterburga. Opyt entsiklopedicheskogo slovaria [ Domestic Life of Pushkin’s St. Petersburg. Trial of Encyclopedic Dictionar], vol. 2. St. Petersburg, Ivan Limbakh Publ., 2003, pp. 227–232. (In Russ.)
  30. Murav’eva, O.S. “Novye vykhodki protivu tak nazyvaemoi literaturnoi aristokratii” [“New Tricks against the So-called Literary Aristocracy”]. Pushkinskaia entsiklopediia. Proizvedeniia [ Pushkin Encyclopedia. Works], issue 3. St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoriia Publ., 2017, pp. 361–367. (In Russ.)
  31. Nikitenko, A.V. Dnevnik: v 3 t. [Diary: in 3 vols.], vol. 1: 1826–1857 [1826–1857]. Moscow, Goslitizdat Publ., 1955. 543 p. (In Russ.)
  32. Odoevski, V.F. Russkie nochi [Russian Nights]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1975. 327 p. (In Russ.)
  33. Olenina, A.A. Vospominaniia [ Diary. Memoirs]. St. Petersburg, Gumanitarnoe agentstvo, Akademicheskii proekt Publ., 1999. 367 p. (In Russ.)
  34. Oom, F.A. Vospominaniia Fedora Adol’fovicha Ooma. 1826–1865 [Memories of Fyodor Adolfovich Oom. 1826–1865]. Moscow, Universitetskaia tipografiia Publ., 1896. 139 p. (In Russ.)
  35. Ossovskaia, M. Rytsar’ i burzhua. Issledovaniia po istorii morali [The Knight and the Bourgeois. Studies in the History of Morality]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1987. 528 p. (In Russ.)
  36. Ostaf’evskii arkhiv kniazei Viazemskikh [Ostafyev Archive of the Vyazemsky Princes], vol. 3: Perepiska kniazia P.A. Viazemskogo s A.I. Turgenevym. 1824–1836 [Correspondence of Prince P.A. Vyazemsky with A.I. Turgenev. 1824–1836], ed. and notes by V.I. Saitov. St. Petersburg, Sheremetev Publ., 1899. 364 p. (In Russ.)
  37. Palii, E.N. Salon kak fenomen kul’tury XIX v: traditsii i sovremennost’ [Salon as a Cultural Phenomenon in the 19th Century: Traditions and Contemporaneity: DSc Thesis, Summary]. Moscow, 2008. 39 p. (In Russ.)
  38. Panaeva, A. (Golovacheva, E.) 1824–1870 [Memoirs. 1824–1870], ed. and notes by K. Chukovskii, cover by V. Belkin. 2nd ed. Leningrad, Academia Publ., 1928. 508 p. (In Russ.)
  39. Pogodin, M.P. “Vospominaniia o kniaze V.F. Odoevskom” [“Memories of Prince V.F. Odoevsky”]. V pamiat’ o kniaze V.F. Odoevskom [In Memory of Prince V.F. Odoevsky]. Moscow, V tipografii “Russkago” Publ., 1869, pp. 43–71. (In Russ.)
  40. Pogodin, M.P. Drama [Novels. Drama]. Moscow, Sovetskaia Rossiia Publ., 1984. 432 p. (In Russ.)
  41. Razgovory Pushkina [Pushkin’s Conversations], reprint, recreation of the ed. of 1929. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1991. 318 p. (In Russ.)
  42. Smolianinova, T.E. “Funktsii salona” [“The Functions of Salon”]. Sovremennaia zarubezhnaia filosofiia: problemy transformatsii na rubezhe XX–XXI vekov: materialy mezhvuzovskoi nauchoi konferentsii 24–25 oktiabria 1996 [ Modern Foreign Philosophy: Problems of Transformation at the Turn of 20th21st Centuries: Materials of Inter-University Scientific Conference 24–25 October 1996]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University Publ., 1996, pp. 60–61. (In Russ.)
  43. Sollogub, V.A. “Vospominaniia” [“Memoirs”]. Sollogub, V.A. Vospominaniia [Novels. Memoirs]. Leningrad, Khudozhestvennaia literatura Publ., 1988, pp. 345–547. (In Russ.)
  44. Stal’, Zh. de. Korinna, ili Italiia [ Corinne or Italy]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1969. 440 p. (In Russ.)
  45. Fedotova, S.B. “Smirnovoi-Rosset salon” [“Smirnova-Rosset’s Salon”]. Byt pushkinskogo Peterburga. Opyt entsiklopedicheskogo slovaria [ Domestic Life of Pushkin’s St. Petersburg. Trial of Encyclopedic Dictionary], vol. 2. St. Petersburg, Ivan Limbakh Publ., 2005, pp. 254–258. (In Russ.)
  46. Frizman, L.G. “Ivan Kireevskii i ego zhurnal ‘Evropeets’.” [“Ivan Kireevsky and His Journal ‘Europeans’.”]. “Evropeets,” zhurnal I.V. Kireevskogo, 1832 [“Europeans,” Journal of I.V. Kireevsky, 1832]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1989, pp. 462–465. (In Russ.)
  47. Chesterfild, F.D. Pis’ma k synu. Maksimy. Kharaktery [Letters to My Son. Characters]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1971. 360 p. (In Russ.)
  48. Chistova, I.S. “Golitsynoi salon” [“Golitsyn’s Salon”]. Byt pushkinskogo Peterburga. Opyt entsiklopedicheskogo slovaria [ Domestic Life of Pushkin’s St. Petersburg. Trial of Encyclopedic Dictionary], vol. 1. St. Petersburg, Ivan Limbakh Publ., 2003, pp. 152–155. (In Russ.)
  49. Chistova, I.S. “Pushkin v salone Avdot’i Golitsynoi” [“Pushkin in the Salon of Avdotya Golitsina”]. Pushkin: Issledovaniia i materialy [ Pushkin: Studies and Materials], vol. 13. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1989, pp. 186–202. (In Russ.)
  50. Chistova, I.S., Fedotova, S.B. “Oleninykh salon” [“Olenin’s Salon”]. Byt Opyt entsiklopedicheskogo slovaria [Domestic Life of Pushkin’s St. Petersburg. Trial of Encyclopedic Dictionary], vol. 2. St. Petersburg, Ivan Limbakh Publ., 2005, pp. 129–133. (In Russ.)
  51. Eikhenbaum, B.M. “Literaturnyi byt, Literatura i pisatel’” [“Literary Life, Literature and the Writer”]. Aronson, M. Literaturnye kruzhki i salony [Literary Circles and Salons]. Moscow, Agraf Publ., 2001, pp. 349–372. (In Russ.)
  52. Iunggren, A. Poeziia Tiutcheva i salonnaia kul’tura XIX veka [Tyutchev’s Poetry and the Salon Culture of the 19th Century]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2006. 123 p. (In Russ.)
  53. Iunge, E.F. Vospominaniia (1843–1860 gg.) [Memoirs (1843–1860)], introd. article by A. Novitsky. Moscow, Sfinks Publ., [1914]. 301 p. (In Russ.)